Primitives

Zod · Reference cheat sheet

📋 Overview

Zod provides schemas for JS primitives and common string/number refinements (email, URL, int, min/max, etc.).

Schema	Validates
`z.string()`	string
`z.number()`	number (not `NaN` by default in typical setups)
`z.boolean()`	boolean
`z.bigint()`	bigint
`z.date()`	Date instance
`z.undefined()` / `z.null()`	exact undefined / null
`z.any()` / `z.unknown()`	anything / unknown
`z.literal(x)`	exact value
`z.enum([...])`	string union

Strings and numbers:

const Password = z.string().min(8).max(72);
const Port = z.number().int().min(1).max(65535);

Literals and enums:

const Role = z.enum(["admin", "user"]);
const Ok = z.literal("ok");

Optional / nullable:

z.string().optional(); // string | undefined
z.string().nullable(); // string | null
z.string().nullish();  // string | null | undefined

JSON has no Date — use z.coerce.date() or ISO strings + transform.
Empty string is still a string; use .min(1) or .trim().min(1) for required text.
z.number() rejects numeric strings unless you coerce.